Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes、おさかなマガジン 分類トップ

*世界中【硬骨魚綱】。
*淡水棲、汽水棲、海水棲、深海棲【硬骨魚綱】。
*骨格が硬骨で構成(例外あり)【硬骨魚綱】。
*変温動物、体温を周囲より高温に保つグループあり【硬骨魚綱】。
*変温動物、氷点下でも凍結しないグループ有り【硬骨魚綱】。
*鰓呼吸が中心、他にも色々【硬骨魚綱】。
 (皮膚呼吸・肺(鰾)呼吸・腸管呼吸・口腔内粘膜に於けるガス交換)
*外鰓孔は1対(例外あり)、一部左右が連結・融合【硬骨魚綱】。
*鱗を有する(例外あり)【硬骨魚綱】。
*耳石を有する【硬骨魚綱】。
*鰾を有する(例外あり)【硬骨魚綱】。
*幽門垂(幽門=胃腸の境〜に存在する盲嚢)を有する(例外あり)【硬骨魚綱】。
*対鰭・非対鰭の一部を欠く魚種がある【硬骨魚綱】。
*しばしば脂鰭がみられる【硬骨魚綱】。
*腹鰭は生殖器官にならない(例外あり)【硬骨魚綱】。
*臀鰭が生殖器官になるグループがある【硬骨魚綱】。
*雌雄異体、一部は雌雄同体・性転換、単為生殖も存在【硬骨魚綱】。
*体外受精、体内受精、卵生、卵胎生、胎生【硬骨魚綱】。
*全て硬骨【真骨亜区】。
*円鱗・櫛鱗【真骨亜区】。
*上顎骨・前上顎骨が可動(口を前方に突出出来るものもある)【真骨亜区】。
*尾鰭は正尾(基本的に上葉=下葉)【真骨亜区】。
*鰾と内耳は管・若しくは器官により連絡【ニシン・骨鰾下区】。
*追星を生じる一群が存在【ニシン・骨鰾下区】。
*背鰭は1基【ニシン・骨鰾下区】。
*脂鰭を持たない(例外あり)【ニシン・骨鰾下区】。
*腹鰭は腹位【ニシン・骨鰾下区】。
*白亜紀〜現代【骨鰾上目】。
*世界中【骨鰾上目】。
*淡水棲、汽水棲、海水棲【骨鰾上目】。
*ウェーベル氏器官(聴覚に関連)の存在【骨鰾上目】。
*体表に微細な角質突起【骨鰾上目】。
*被災個体は警戒フェロモン分泌【骨鰾上目】。
*旧世界・新世界【骨鰾系】。
*淡水棲、汽水域進入性【骨鰾系】。
*ウェーベル氏器官は完全【骨鰾系】。
*追星・若しくは性的2型(例外あり)【骨鰾系】。
*新世界、南半球、南米大陸【電気ウナギ目】。
*淡水棲、多くが底棲、流れを好まない【電気ウナギ目】。
*体高低く殆どが側扁、一部に円筒型【電気ウナギ目】。
*体は装飾もなく靭やか、但し積極的に曲げることはない【電気ウナギ目】。
*体は細長く尾部に向かい狭くなる【電気ウナギ目】。
*発電機能を有し、周徊や採餌・交信・時には防御や攻撃に活用【電気ウナギ目】。
*鰓孔は小さい【電気ウナギ目】。
*背鰭を欠く(例外あり)【電気ウナギ目】。 *腹鰭を欠く【電気ウナギ目】。
*臀鰭基底が非常に長く、開始は喉元に迫る勢い【電気ウナギ目】。
*臀鰭のうねりはスムースなバックを可能にする【電気ウナギ目】。
*肛門は喉部に開く【電気ウナギ目】。
*尾鰭は存在しない・若しくは極小さい【電気ウナギ目】。
*卵生、一部は営巣・保護を行う【電気ウナギ目】。
*骨鰾上目内では最も新しく出現、モルミルス類(オステオグロッスム目)とは縁遠い【電気ウナギ目】。
*体は強く側偏する【ステルノピグス亜目】。
*尾鰭を有するグループあり【ステルノピグス亜目】。
*同系を混泳させると尾部消失【ステルノピグス亜目】。
*生殖突起(−)【ステルノピグス亜目】。
*体は側扁、休息時は水生植物等に潜伏(水槽内ではぶっ倒れる傾向)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*頭部は丸いものから管状に突出するものまで(同様の微発電魚たるモルミルス類に収斂)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*口は斜位で裂ける(多かれ少なかれ)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*下顎が可動・上顎にガッチリ嵌る(例外あり)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*眼球は小さめ(眼球径≦鼻孔・眼球間の距離)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*鱗が目立つ【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*小さいながらも独立した尾鰭(例外あり)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*円錐形の歯が両顎に並ぶ(1〜2列)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*背部に細長い擬似触鬚を有する(例外あり)【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*独特の背部組織(正中線に沿った溝)を有する【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*一部性的2型、オス個体の吻端や顎が伸長・牙がズラリなど【アプテロノトゥス科】。
*卵・仔魚は守らない【アプテロノトゥス科】。



Family APTERONOTIDAE JORDAN 1923 アプテロノトゥス科
Apteronotids (アプテロノトゥス科魚種)
Ghost Knife-Fishes (アプテロノトゥス科魚種)


Genus Adontosternarchus ELLIS 1914 アドントステルナルクス属
   ※← [Sub-Family Adontosternarchinae MAGO-LECCIA 1978]。
 頭部はつるりと丸い。可愛い尾鰭明瞭。


 Adontosternarchus balaenops (Cope 1878)
   syn.Sternarchella balaenops (Cope 1878) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
     Sternarchus balaenops Cope 1878
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *1996『The Dorsal Filament of the Weakly Electric Apteronotidae [Gymnotiformes, Teleostei] is Specialized for Electroreception:Cheryl R.Franchina & Carl D.Hopkins』。
 "ホエールナイフ"。鰭は濃色。


 Adontosternarchus clarkae


 Adontosternarchus devenanzii
 20〜30℃。


 Adontosternarchus duartei de Santana & Vari 2012


 Adontosternarchus nebulosus



 Adontosternarchus sachsi (Peters 1877) Ellis 1914
   syn.Sternarchogiton sachsi (Peters 1877) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
     Sternarchus sachsi Peters 1877
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。



Genus Apteronotus DE LA CÉPÈDE 1800 アプテロノトゥス属
   ※+Genus Memarchus KAUP ex DUMÉRIL 1856 (Type species : Gymnotus albifrons von Linné 1766)。
   ※+Genus Sternarchus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (Type species : Gymnotus albifrons von Linné 1766)。
   ※+Genus Ubidia MILES 1945 (Type species : Ubidia magdalenensis Miles 1945)。
   ※← [Apteronotia MAGO-RECCIA 1978]。
   ※← [Family Sternarchidae SWAINSON 1838]。
   ※← [Ophichthytes JAROCKI 1822]。
   ※← [Sub-Order Apteronotoidei GAYET, MEUNIER & KIRSCHBAUM 1994]。


 Apteronotus acidops Triques 2011
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus albertoi Peixoto, Dutra, Datovo, Menezes & de Santana 2021
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。



 Apteronotus albifrons (von Linné 1766)
   syn.Aptéronote passan de la Cépède 1800 ※章題。
     Apteronotus passan de la Cépède 1800
       ※模式種、但し先に記載された Gymnotus albifrons von Linné 1766 に統合。
     Gymnotus albifrons von Linné 1766 ※=Gymnotus (Sternarchus) albifrons von Linné 1766 emend. Cuvier 1917。
     Memarchus albifrons (von Linné 1766)
     Sternarchus albifrons (von Linné 1766) Bloch post Schneider 1801
     Sternarchus lacepedii de Castelnau 1855
     Sternarchus maximilliani de Castelnau 1855
 *1766『Regnum Animale 4, Pisces in Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ 1 of 12°:Carl von Linné』。
 *1767-1774『Quibus Novae Imprimis et Obscurae Animalium Species Iconibus, Descriptionibus Atque Commentariis Illustrantur 7 1769 in Spicilegia Zoologica 1:Peter Simon Pallas』。
 *1788『Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature, Ichthyologie:Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre』。
 *1800『Histoire Naturelle des Poissons 2:Bernard Germain Étienne de Laville-sur-Illon Comte de la Cépède』。
 *1801『Icones cx Systema Ichthyologiae M.E.Blochii Illustrantes, Atlas of Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Illustratum:Marcus Elieser Bloch after Johann Gottlob Schneider』。
 *1801『Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Illustratum:Marcus Elieser Bloch after Johann Gottlob Schneider』。
 *1803『General Zoology or Systematic Natural History 4, Pisces 1:George Shaw』。
 *1817『Le Règne Animal Distribué d'Après son Organisation Pour Servir de Base à l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d'Introduction à l'Anatomie Comparée 2, les Reptiles, les Poissons, les Mollusques et les Annélides:Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier』。
 *1853『On Some Fishes Allied to Gymnotus:Alfred Russel Wallace』。
 *1855『Animaux Nouveaux ou Rares Recueillis Pendant l'Expedition dans les Parties Centrales de L'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para 2, Poissons:François-Louis la Porte/comte de Castelnau』。
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1897『Contribuciones al Conocimiento de Los Peces Sudamericanos, Especialmente de los de la República Argentina:Cárlos Berg』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1912『The Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana, Including a Study of the Ecological Grouping of Species, and the Relation of the Fauna of the Plateau to That of of the Low-Land 8, Systematic Account of the Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana:Carl Henry Eigenmann』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *1996『The Dorsal Filament of the Weakly Electric Apteronotidae [Gymnotiformes, Teleostei] is Specialized for Electroreception:Cheryl R.Franchina & Carl D.Hopkins』。
 *2017『Chromosomal Similarity Between Two Species of Apteronotus albifrons Complex [Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes] Implications in Cytotaxonomy and Karyotypic Evolution:Fábio Hiroshi Takaguia, Renata da Rosa, Oscar Akio Shibatta & Lucia Giuliano-Caetano』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 "ブラックゴースト"。"White-Fronted Gymnote"pH6.0〜8.0・23〜28℃。流通する個体(マキシミルリアニ)に背部擬似触鬚は見られない(背部に格納されてはいるが分離していない)。

Apteronotus passan=Gymnotus albifrons

Sternarchus lacepedii=Gymnotus albifrons

Sternarchus maximilliani=Gymnotus albifrons



 Apteronotus apurensis Fernández-Yépez 1968
 IUCN Data Deficient ver.3.1


 Apteronotus anu de Santana & Vari 2013
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus baniwus de Santana & Vari 2013
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。



 Apteronotus bonapartii (de Castelnau 1855)
   syn.Sternarchus bonapartii de Castelnau 1855
 *1855『Animaux Nouveaux ou Rares Recueillis Pendant l'Expedition dans les Parties Centrales de L'Amerique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para 2, Poissons:François-Louis la Porte/comte de Castelnau』。
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *2006『Sexual Dimorphism in Apteronotus bonapartii [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Eric J.Hilton & Cristina Cox Fernandes』。
 "ブラウンゴースト(ボナパルト)"。眼球サイズが鼻孔と同大。



 Apteronotus brasiliensis (Reinhardt 1852)
   syn.Sternarchus brasiliensis Reinhardt 1852
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus camposdapazi de Santana & Lehmann-Albornoz 2006
 *2006Apteronotus camposdapazi, a New Species of Black Ghost Electric Knife-Fish, from the Rio Tocantins Basin, Brazil [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana & Pablo César Lehmann-Albornoz』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003
 *2003Apteronotus caudimaculosus n.sp. [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], a Sexually Dimorphic Black Ghost Knife-Fish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a Note on the Monophyly of the A.albifrons Species Complex:Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。
 *2017『Chromosomal Similarity Between Two Species of Apteronotus albifrons Complex [Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes] Implications in Cytotaxonomy and Karyotypic Evolution:Fábio Hiroshi Takaguia, Renata da Rosa, Oscar Akio Shibatta & Lucia Giuliano-Caetano』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus cuchillejo (Schultz 1949)
   syn.Sternarchogiton cuchillejo Schultz 1949
 *2003Apteronotus caudimaculosus n.sp. [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], a Sexually Dimorphic Black Ghost Knife-Fish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a Note on the Monophyly of the A.albifrons Species Complex:Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 小さな尾鰭に大きな黒斑。


 Apteronotus cuchillo Schultz 1949
 *2003Apteronotus caudimaculosus n.sp. [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], a Sexually Dimorphic Black Ghost Knife-Fish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a Note on the Monophyly of the A.albifrons Species Complex:Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus ellisi (de Arámburu 1957)
   syn.Porotergus ellisi de Arámburu 1957
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus eschmeyeri de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, Severi & Mendes 2004
 *2004Apteronotus eschmeyeri, a New Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Magdalena Basin, Colombia [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana, Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo, William Severi & George Nilson Mendes』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus ferrarisi de Santana & Vari 2013
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus galvisi de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo & Crampton 2007
 *2007『Apteronotus galvisi, a New Species of Electric Ghost Knife-Fish from the Rio Meta Basin, Colombia [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana, Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo & William Gareth Richard Crampton』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 pH7.3・27℃。


 Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler 1944)
   syn.Sternarchus jurubidae Fowler 1944
 *2004『Re-Description of Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher 1914) and the Taxonomic Status of Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler 1944) [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana & Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。



 Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Eigenmann 1912 emend. Ellis 1914)
   syn.Sternarchus leptorhynchus Eigenmann 1912 emend. Ellis 1914
 *1912『The Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana, Including a Study of the Ecological Grouping of Species, and the Relation of the Fauna of the Plateau to That of of the Low-Land 8, Systematic Account of the Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana:Carl Henry Eigenmann』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *1996『The Dorsal Filament of the Weakly Electric Apteronotidae [Gymnotiformes, Teleostei] is Specialized for Electroreception:Cheryl R.Franchina & Carl D.Hopkins』。
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 "ブラウンゴースト"。24〜28℃。初出時に記載者の表記漏れ。



 Apteronotus lindalvae de Santana & Fernandes 2012
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus macrolepis (Steindachner 1881)
   syn.Sternarchus macrolepis Steindachner 1881
 *1881『Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flussfische Südamerika's 3 und Ichthyologische Beiträge 11:Franz Steindachner』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。


 Apteronotus macronotus de Santana & Vari 2013
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。


 Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles 1945)
   syn.Ubidia magdalenensis Miles 1945
 *2003Apteronotus caudimaculosus n.sp. [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], a Sexually Dimorphic Black Ghost Knife-Fish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a Note on the Monophyly of the A.albifrons Species Complex:Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 トランペット頭部。


 Apteronotus magoi de Santana, Castillo & Taphorn 2006
 *2006Apteronotus magoi, a New Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Orinoco Basin Venezuela [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana, Otto Castillo & Donald Taphorn』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher 1914)
   syn.Sternarchus mariae Eigenmann & Fisher 1914
 *2003Apteronotus caudimaculosus n.sp. [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], a Sexually Dimorphic Black Ghost Knife-Fish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a Note on the Monophyly of the A.albifrons Species Complex:Carlos David de Santana』。
 *2004『Re-Description of Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher 1914) and the Taxonomic Status of Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler 1944) [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana & Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus milesi de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005
 *2005Apteronotus milesi, a New Species of Ghost Knife-Fish [Otophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Cauca River, with a Key to Apteronotids Species from the Magdalena-Cauca, Colombia:Carlos David de Santana & Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus pemon de Santana & Vari 2013
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus quilombolus Peixoto, Datovo, Menezes & de Santana 2020
 *2020『A New Species of Sexually Dimorphic and Rheophilic Ghost Knife-Fish [Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes] from the Amazon Basin:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Aléssio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus rostratus (Meek & Hildebrand 1913)
   syn.Sternarchus rostratus Meek & Hildebrand 1913
 *2008『The Life of Apteronotus rostratus, a Panamanian Species of Weakly Electric Fish, a Field Study:Jan Gogarten』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。


 Apteronotus spurrellii (Regan 1914)
   syn.Sternarchus spurrellii Regan 1914
 *2006『Re-Description of the Ghost Knife-Fish Apteronotus spurrellii from Trans-Andean Colombia [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Carlos David de Santana & William Gareth Richard Crampton』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。



Genus Compsaraia ALBERT 2001 コムプサライア属


 Compsaraia compsa (Mago-Leccia 1994)
   syn.Porotergus compsus Mago-Leccia 1994


 Compsaraia iara Bernt & Albert 2017


 Compsaraia samueli




Genus Magosternarchus LUNDBERG, COX-FERNANDES & ALBERT ex LUNDBERG, COX-FERNANDES & ALBERT 1996 マゴステルナルクス属


 Magosternarchus duccis


 Magosternarchus raptor Lundberg, Cox-Fernandes & Albert 1996



Genus Megadontognathus MAGO-LECCIA 1994 メガドントグナトゥス属


 Megadontognathus cuyuniense Mago-Leccia 1994


 Megadontognathus kaitukaensis



Genus Melanosternarchus BERNT, CRAMPTON, ORFINGER & ALBERT 2018 メラノステルナルクス属


 Melanosternarchus amaru Bernt, Crampton,Orfinger & Albert 2018
 *2018Melanosternarchus amaru, a New Genus and Species of Electric Ghost Knife-Fish [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Amazon Basin:Maxwell J.Bernt, William Gareth Richard Crampton, Alexander Benjamin Orfinger & James Spurling Albert』。



Genus Orthosternarchus ELLIS 1914 オルトステルナルクス属


 Orthosternarchus tamanduus (Boulenger 1898) Ellis 1914
   syn.Sternarchorhamphus tamanduus (Boulenger 1898) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
     Sternarchus tamanduus Boulenger 1898
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 恐らくは地下棲。




Genus Parapteronotus ALBERT 2001 パラプテロノトゥス属



 Parapteronotus hasemani (Ellis 1914)
   syn.Apteronotus anas Eigenmann & Allen 1942
     Apteronotus hasemani (Ellis 1914)
     Sternarchus hasemani Ellis 1914
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 オス個体の顎は伸長する。



Genus Pariosternarchus ALBERT & CRAMPTON 2006 パリオステルナルクス属


 Pariosternarchus amazonensis Albert & Crampton 2006



Genus Platyurosternarchus MAGO-LECCIA 1994 プラトゥロステルナルクス属


 Platyurosternarchus crypticus


 Platyurosternarchus macrostomus (Günther 1870)
   syn.Apteronotus macrostomus (Günther 1870)
     Sternarchorhampus macrostomus (Günther 1870) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
     Sternarchus macrostomus Günther 1870
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 *2013『Brown Ghost Electric Fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus Species-Group [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes], Monophyly, Major Clades, and Revision:Carlos David de Santana & Richard Peter Vari』。
 *2021『The Description of a Rare and Critically Endangered Species of Ghost Knife-Fish from the Amazon Basin [Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antônio Wanderley Peixoto, Guilherme Moreira Dutra, Aléessio Datovo, Naércio Aquino Menezes, & Carlos David de Santana』。
 22〜28℃。IUCN Least Concern ver.3.1



Genus Porotergus EIGENMANN 1912 emend. ELLIS 1914 ポロテルグス属
   ※← [Porotergini ALBERT 2001]。
 初出時に記載者の表記漏れ。


 Porotergus duende



 Porotergus gimbeli Eigenmann 1912 emend. Ellis 1914
 *1912『The Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana, Including a Study of the Ecological Grouping of Species, and the Relation of the Fauna of the Plateau to That of of the Low-Land 8, Systematic Account of the Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana:Carl Henry Eigenmann』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 初出時に記載者の表記漏れ。



 Porotergus gymnotus Eigenmann 1912 emend. Ellis 1914
 *1912『The Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana, Including a Study of the Ecological Grouping of Species, and the Relation of the Fauna of the Plateau to That of of the Low-Land 8, Systematic Account of the Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana:Carl Henry Eigenmann』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 初出時に記載者の表記漏れ。



Genus Sternarchella EIGENMANN ex EIGENMANN & WARD 1905 ステルナルケルラ属
   ※← [Sternarchellini ALBERT 2001]。


 Sternarchella calhamazon Lundberg, Coz-Fernandes & da Paz 2013


 Sternarchella curvioperculata Godoy 1968
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。


 Sternarchella orthos


 Sternarchella patriciae Evans, Crampton & Albert 2017


 Sternarchella rex Evans, Crampton & Albert 2017


 Sternarchella schotti (Steindachner 1868) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
   syn.Sternachella schotti (Steindachner 1868) ※スペルミス。
     Sternarchus schotti Steindachner 1868
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 "ブラウンゴースト"。


 Sternarchella sima
   syn.Sternarchella orinoco


 Sternarchella terminalis
   syn.Porotergus terminalis




Genus Sternarchogiton EIGENMANN ex EIGENMANN & WARD 1905 ステルナルコギトン属
   ※+Genus Oedemognathus MYERS 1936 (Type species : Oedemognathus exodon Myers 1936)。
   ※← [Sub-Family Oedemognathinae MAGO-LECCIA 1978]。


 Sternarchogiton labiatus


 Sternarchogiton nattereri (Steindachner 1868) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
   syn.Oedemognathus exodon Myers 1936
     Sternarchus nattereri Steindachner 1868
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 オス個体、歯が凄い。淡水海綿食。


 Sternarchogiton porcinus


 Sternarchogiton zuanoni
 1個体のみ知られる。Sternarchogiton labiatusと鰭条数の違いで分離。



Genus Sternarchorhamphus EIGENMANN ex EIGENMANN & WARD 1905 ステルナルコランフス属
   ※← [Sternarchorhamphini ALBERT 2001]。


 Sternarchorhamphus muelleri (Steindachner 1881) Eigenmann ex Eigenmann & Ward 1905
   syn.Sternarchus muelleri (Steindachner 1881)
     Sternarchus mülleri Steindachner 1881 ※=Sternarchus (Rhamphosternarchus) mülleri Steindachner 1881。
     Sternarchorhamphus mulleri Eigenmann & Ward 1905 ※スペルミス。
 *1881『Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flussfische Südamerika's 3 und Ichthyologische Beiträge 11:Franz Steindachner』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。



Genus Sternarchorhynchus DE CASTELNAU 1855 ステルナルコリンクス属 "モルミルスナイフ"。
   ※+Genus Rhamphosternarchus (GÜNTHER 1870) (Type species : Sternarchus oxyrhynchus Müller & Troschel 1849)。
   ※+Genus Sternarchus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 Sub-Genus Rhamphosternarchus GÜNTHER 1870 (Type species : Sternarchus oxyrhynchus Müller & Troschel 1849)。
   ※← [Sub-Family Sternarchorhynchinae MAGO-LECCIA 1978]。


 Sternarchorhynchus axelrodi
 "アクセルロッドチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus britskii da Paz 2000
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。
 "ブリトスキーチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus caboclo
 "カボコロチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus chaoi
 "カオチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus cramptoni
 "クランプトンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus curumim
 "クルミンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris (Boulenger 1887)
   syn.Rhamphosternarchus curvirostris (Boulenger 1887)
     Sternarchus curvirostris Boulenger 1887 ※=Sternarchus (Rhamphosternarchus) curvirostris Boulenger 1887。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。



 Sternarchorhynchus freemani
 "フリーマンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus galibi
 "ガリビチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus gnomus
 "グノームチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。pH6.6〜7.6・28℃。


 Sternarchorhynchus goeldii
 "ゴールドチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。



 Sternarchorhynchus hagedornae
 "ハーゲドルンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus higuchii
 "ヒグチチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus inpai
 "インパチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus jaimei
 "ジャイメチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus kokraimoro
 "コクライモロチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus mareikeae
 "マレイクチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus marreroi
 "マレロチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus mendesi
 "メンデスチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus mesensis
 "メセンシスチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus montanus
 "マウンテンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus (Steindachner 1868)
   syn.Sternarchus mormyrus Steindachner 1868
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 "モルミルスチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。IUCN Least Concern ver.3.1


 Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus (Müller & Troschel 1849)
   syn.Rhamphosternarchus oxyrhynchus (Müller & Troschel 1849)
     Sternarchorhynchus mulleri de Castelnau 1855 ※=Sternarchus (Rhamphosternarchus) mulleri de Castelnau 1855。
       ※模式種、但し先に記載された Sternarchus oxyrhynchus Müller & Troschel 1849 に統合。
     Sternarchus oxyrhynchus Müller & Troschel 1849
 *1870『Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, and Leptocardii in the British Museum:Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günter』。
 *1905『The Gymnotidæ:Carl Henry Eigenmann & David Perkins Ward』。
 *1912『The Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana, Including a Study of the Ecological Grouping of Species, and the Relation of the Fauna of the Plateau to That of of the Low-Land 8, Systematic Account of the Fresh-Water Fishes of British Guiana:Carl Henry Eigenmann』。
 *1913-1914『The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America 1913:Max Mapes Ellis』。
 "オキシリンカスチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus retzeri
 "レッツァーチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。



 Sternarchorhynchus roseni
 "ローゼンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。オス個体の下顎には長い牙がズラリ。


 Sternarchorhynchus schwassmanni
 "シュワスマンチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus severii
 "セイバーチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus starksi
 "スタークチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus stewarti
 "スチュワートチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus taphorni
 "タフォーチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus villaboasi
 "ビラボアチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。


 Sternarchorhynchus yepezi
 "イェペズチューブスナウトゴーストナイフフィッシュ"。



Genus Tembeassu TRIQUES 1998 テムベアッス属


 Tembeassu maraunus Triques 1998
   syn.Apteronotus maraunus (Triques 1998)
 *2011Apteronotus acidops, New Species of Long Snouted Electric Fish [Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae] from the Upper Rio Parana Basin in Brazil, with a Key to the Apteronotid Species from the Area:Mauro Luís Triques』。


 Tembeassu titanicus Peixoto, Campos-da-Paz, Menezes, de Santana, Triques & Datovo 2022
 *2022『Systematics of Neotropical Electric Knife-Fish Tembeassu [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae]:Luiz Antonio Wanderley Peixoto, Ricardo Campos-da-Paz, Naércio Aquino Menezes, Carlos David de Santana, Mauro Triques & Aléssio Datovo』。



Genus Tenebrosternarchus BERNT, FRONK, EVANS & ALBERT 2020 テネブロステルナルクス属


 Tenebrosternarchus preto (de Santana & Crampton 2007) Bernt, Fronk, Evans & Albert 2020
   syn.Sternarchogiton preto de Santana & Crampton 2007
 *2020『A Re-Description of Deep-Channel Ghost Knife-Fish Sternarchogiton preto [Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae], with Assignment to a New Genus:Maxwell J.Bernt, Aaron H.Fronk, Kory M.Evans & James Spurling Albert』。


水槽サイズ(最終)
30〜45cm 60cm 90cm 120cm 180cm 水族館クラス
適性水温(〜上限)
25〜28℃
適性pH
6.5〜7.0
混泳
混泳同種・同型=× 混泳異種・異型=×〜△
inserted by FC2 system